Thus, the progress of morality is due to the moral values of its growing calendar. In ethical doctrines, the doctrine only has the value of advancing social progress at a certain point in time, but there are also moral theories that can have lasting value for development. society.
So what is moral value? Which criteria to value moral values? As we know it, morality as a form of social consciousness can be considered as a union of concepts of good, evil, good, evil, conscience, responsibility, happiness, justice. and on the rules of assessment and regulation of behavior between individuals and society, between individuals and individuals in society.
In society there are classes, the dominant moral thought in society is the moral ideology of the class that dominates the economy. The state-dominated economy dominates the state apparatus to propagate, educate, and institutionalize its ethical ideals into ethical norms, making it an evaluation measure, Adjust the behavior of individuals in society, in accordance with its benefits.
Value, in the most general sense, we can understand it is what it does for a certain object that is useful, meaningful to the subject, is recognized by everyone. One can divide the value into: material value, spiritual value, individual value, common values, social values. There is a view that value is the inherentness of the subject, but each subject can judge it, considering it at different angles, leading to different notions of value. In our opinion, that view is not correct, because when it comes to value it refers to what is acknowledged, in accordance with the interests of society.However, value is also a historical category.
Based on these perceptions, we can understand that moral values are what people choose and value as meaningful activities for the social life, conscience love and public opinion praised.
Social benefits are an objective criterion of moral values, so only when ethical principles and norms govern behavior in line with social interests is public opinion supported. valid. Thus, moral values are determined by their relevance to the demands of social progress. The social benefits and requirements of social progress are historical, meaning that each stage of social development has its demands for benefits and progress, so that values Moral is also historical. Philip argues that the moral injunction "not to be stolen" is valid only in societies with a private property regime in motion, and "in a society where every motive to steal is eliminated, so that gradually the majority of people with mental illness have committed the crime of theft, a moral dissenter would like to solemnly declare the eternal truth: not to be stolen, to be I laughed.
Moral values are manifested through the exercise of the functions of morality. But in what stage of social development is morality, in our opinion, the following basic functions:
First, the function adjusts the behavior. Behavioral modifications are implemented in two major forms. Firstly, through public opinion, praise, encourage the good, the good, the condemnation, the critique of evil, the bad. In this case, the moral value depends on the strength and correctness of the public. Whenever public opinion is strengthened and developed, supported by everyone, it becomes a great force in morality. Our people have a song: "Hundred years of stone beer is worn, thousand years of beer mouth still inert". Indeed, the "beer mouth" (public opinion) for thousands of years is still handed down, it is more durable than iron it becomes a useful tool in regulating moral behavior. Therefore, if public opinion is guided by advanced ethical doctrines, it will contribute to regulating moral behavior, making it compatible with social progress, creating moral values. authentic. Secondly, the moral subject himself adjusts his behavior according to social ethical standards. This mode of adjustment depends on the education, the enlightenment of the moral subject. Because in the moral relation of the moral subject is engaged in behavior, as well as the judge of his behavior. When performing behavior, moral subjectivity is based on the norms that are formed within oneself (this norm acquires societal norms and living standards and social relations. the body of the individual constitutes). If these norms are consistent with social norms, it becomes an objective basis for the moral behavior of the individual to be in line with the social interests, supported by public opinion. On the contrary, whenever individual norms deviate from social norms, they lead to individual moral behaviors that are not compatible with social interests. In this case, public opinion will be condemned. When judging 'their behavior, the moral subject is based on their individual moral standards. If for lack of enthusiasm, not trying their best, should not perform a moral relationship as their own standards, conscience they are bitter, they feel remorse, shame of his behavior. On the contrary, whenever they are able to fulfill the moral norms that have been formed in them, their conscience feels at ease, and they are proud of their behavior. Thus, in this way of adjusting, the moral value depends on the moral norms formed in each moral subject that underlie each individual's moral behavior in accordance with the interests and social progress.
Second, educational function. Educational functions are realized through the education of the society and the self-education of each individual. Ethical education is the process of propagating meditations, but social norms, making it an evaluation measure, an act of individual behavior, to achieve a fit between individual behavior and social benefits.
In the process of living, each individual not only pursues material interests, spiritual benefits, but also pursues his own progress and want to be praised by social media. Consequently, ideologies and social norms become the target, the directions for its individual activity. Ethical behavior is repetitive, creating a relatively stable moral relationship, and it is constantly maintained and strengthened by public opinion that will become a habit, a habit, a tradition Morality becomes a direct factor in shaping the morality of the next generation. Thus, the moral value in this case is formed, how it always depends on the correctness, the science of thought and the ethical standards are propagated and educated in society.
The moral self-education of individuals, first and foremost, lies in the individual, through self-judgment of conscience, in order to reinforce individual moral norms, In accordance with these ethical standards. On the other hand, based on public opinion, they adjust their behavior and adjust even personal moral norms when they perceive it to be inferior to social norms. The ethical value in this case is determined by the sensitivity, the object of the subject, in cultivating and cultivating virtue in accordance with the ideals and ethical standards of society.
Third, cognitive function. Whether morality and ethical norms have become ethical relations in social life, it is not just about the correctness, ethics, standards of morality, In social communication, education also depends greatly on the ability to receive and transform it in cognitive activity and in the behavior of each moral subject. Through the choice and evaluation of ethical subjects of moral thoughts and norms, in themselves they form beliefs, moral reasoning, and ethical norms and norms in relation to their own.
Moral cognitive activity also includes two levels: emotional and moral thought, experience and moral reasoning.
Ethical awareness of the level of experience or moral sentiment associated with practical activity, with the ethical relations of society and always influenced by public opinion, traditions and ethics.This process constitutes moral subjectivity but images, "idols" are considered direct standards for evaluating and regulating their moral behavior. For example, a child often looks at his or her parent's behaviors with friends, family members, and workmates ... it will also do the same things parents did before.
Ethical awareness at the ideological or theoretical level is the guiding principle that is guided by the fundamental interests of the class and society.
Through the process of cognition as well as practical activity, the moral subject analyzes, evaluates, selects moral ideas and moral norms in society so that, on that basis, proofs and explains the moral and ethical norms that are formed in themselves are right and reasonable, to absorb the right, the right, and the critics of wrongs in other moral thoughts and norms. .
Thus, it can be said that the moral value that is created in each individual always depends on the individual's being educated and adopting the right ideas and moral standards of society.
Source: Journal of Philosophy
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